What is the function of a catalytic converter?

The function of a catalytic converter is to convert harmful emissions produced during the combustion process into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere. It does this through a series of chemical reactions that typically involve oxidation and reduction, transforming pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are far less harmful. This conversion process is crucial in reducing the overall environmental impact of vehicles and meeting regulatory standards for air quality.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary role of a catalytic converter. For example, cooling exhaust gases is not its function; that role is typically managed by the vehicle's cooling system. Storing fuel temporarily is unrelated to the catalytic converter, as it does not hold fuel but rather processes exhaust gases. Monitoring engine performance falls under different components of the vehicle, such as the engine control unit (ECU) and various sensors, rather than the catalytic converter’s responsibilities.